The annex is denoted Annex 35 in HPP and Annex XIII in IETS and is operated by the Information Centre on Heat Pumps and Refrigeration - IZW e.V., Germany in collaboration with Laurent Levacher, EDF-R&D-ECLEER (European Centre & Laboratories of Energy Efficiency Research), France.
Heat pump markets are currently growing at a steady pace, but in many countries, heat pump markets and policies have concentrated mainly on residential heat pumps for space heating and domestic hot water production. Heat pumps for high-temperature applications, industrial and commercial use, have often been neglected.
Example of Heat Source and Heat Sink in Industrial Heat Pumps
Industrial heat pumps are defined as heat pumps in the medium and high power ranges, which can be used for heat recovery and heat upgrading in industrial processes, as well as for heating, cooling and air-conditioning in industrial, commercial and multi-family residential buildings, and also for district heating. The main advantage of using heat pumps in industrial applications is to recover waste heat and to use free renewable energy sources.
The main market barriers are expected to be lack of experience, and thus lack of market acceptance by operators, industrial partners, manufacturers and their component suppliers, and consultants. Apart from the need for high-temperature refrigerants, there is a requirement to re-visit the technologies and potential applications. Recent studies show that, when using waste heat as a heat source, the higher the output temperatures that can be delivered, then the more important the potential processes of which the demands can be met.
Under the IEA HPP, two annexes have already dealt with industrial heat pumps:
HPP Annex 9: High-Temperature Industrial Heat Pumps (1990)
HPP Annex 21: Global Environmental Benefits of Industrial Heat Pumps (1992 -1994)
But since the final report of Annex 21, new possibilities, constraints and developments have occurred, for example:
- Improved, further developed and simplified software
- Newly available compact components
- Gas regulations
- Higher energy costs, with expected further increases
- More stringent government legislation (reduction of carbon dioxide emissions)
- New refrigerant considerations
Contacts:
Hans-Jürgen Laue E-mail: Laue.izw@t-online.de
Rainer Jakobs E-mail: Jakobs@izw-online.de
Laurent Levacher E-mail: laurent.levacher@edf.fr
Per-Åke Franck E-mail: franck@cit.chalmers.se